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注意:none of…表示全部否定,not all…表示部分否定,no one (nobody)只指人,不指物,作主语时视作单数。如果要否定两者用neither, 不用none of。例如:
No one knows the new comer.
没有人认识那新来的。
Neither of my parents is a doctor.
我父母都不是医生。
Not all of us like eggs.
我们中不是所有的人都喜欢吃鸡蛋。
6. It is because in the modern world, English is widely used for business between different countries.
它是因为在当代世界里,英语在国家之间的商业事务中得到非常广泛的应用。
because引导的是表语从句,表语从句的引导词还有why, what, if (whether)等。例如:
That is why she is so happy.
那就是她为什么如此高兴的原因。
This is what they want.
这正是他们所要的。
The question is whether we can arrive there in time.
问题是我们能否及时到达那儿。
7. When a German buys something from a Japanese, or an Indian sells something to a Frenchman, they often use English.
当一个德国人从一个日本人那儿买东西,或者一个印度人把东西卖给一个法国人时,他们常使用英语。
German, Japanese, Indian, Frenchman分别表示四个国家的名词,现将我们学过的国名和国家的名词归纳如下:
China Chinese(中文) a Chinese(国人单数) Chinese(复数)
America an American Americans
Canada a Canadian Canadians
England an Englishman Englishmen
France a Frenchman Frenchmen
India an Indian Indians
Russia a Russian Russians
Italy an Italian Italians
Australia an Australian Australians
Germany an German Germans
Japan a Japanese Japanese
8. Three quarters of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.
世界上有四分之三的书报是用英语写的。
three quarters of … 四分之三的……
quarter为“四分之一”的意思,three quarters即为“四分之三”。three quarters of…或a quarter of…结构中of后的名词可为可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。当他们作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由of后所跟名词的形式来决定。例如:
A quarter of the apple is bad.
这个苹果的四分之一坏了。
Three quarters of the students are Chinese.
四分之三的学生是中国人。
注意:英语中分数的表示法为:分子是基数词,分母是序数词,分子是2以及以上时,分母变为复数。例如:
Two thirds of the workers in our factory are young people.
我们三分之二的工人是年轻人。
One thirds of the water is dirty.
三分之一的水脏了。
巧记序数词的方法
一二三变字体,th从四上起。
用f变ve,八加h九去e。
遇见ty变ti,切记th前有e。
eg: first, second, third, fourth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth
9. It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.
英语被全世界的旅游者和商业人员使用。
all over the world 全世界 它还有几种表示法:around the world, through- out the world, (all) round the world, (all) the world over. 此外in the world强调在全球范围内。另外:all over意思是“遍布,到处”。
例如:
He was wet all over.
他浑身上下全湿了。
The water is all over the field.
田地里到处都是水。
He has traveled all over Europe.
他已经游遍了欧洲。
10. I can’t afford it.
我买不起。
afford为动词,表示“有经济条件做某事”(常和can这类词连用。)例如:
In those days, they couldn’t afford to call in a doctor.
那时候他们请不起大夫。
At last we are able to afford a house.
我们终于能买得起一所住宅了。
主动语态和被动语态
1.在英语中,动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态。(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。实际上被动语态的主语是由主动语态的谓语动词的宾语转变而来的,因此这个谓语动词必须是及物动词。被动语态是由助动词be + 过去分词构成,当然,被动语态也有多种时态,它的时态变化都体现在助动词be上,后面的过去分词不变。被动语态的谓语动词的执行者可由by引出,往往放在句末。如不强调动作的执行者时,可省略不用。
例如:
Many people speak English. (主动语态)
English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)
2.一般现在时被动语态的构成:当谓语是一般现在时的时候,被动语态由“be (am, is, are) + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词“be”随人称、数的变化而改变。例如:
This knife is made of wood and metal.
Bananas are produced in Hainan.
I am taken care of by my uncle.
3.被动语态的用法:当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,只需要强调动作的承受者,要求使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时由介词by引导。
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.
中文是全世界被最多人口所讲的语言。
4.主动语态改写成被动语态的方法:将主动语态的宾语变成主语,将主动语态的谓语变成被动式be + 过去分词,主动语态的主语变成被动语态句中by的宾语(或省略)。如果主动语态中有两个宾语(直接宾语或间接宾语),可以把其中任意一个变成被动语态的主语。例如:
Most middle school students play football.
主语 谓语 宾语
Football is played by most middle school students.
My teacher gives me a lot of book.(主动语态)
主语 谓语 间宾 直宾
被动语态:I am given a lost of books by my teacher.
被动语态:A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.
5.被动语态的疑问形式:
被动语态的疑问句形

