定语从句“热点”追踪

　　1. 分隔定语从句。

　　先行词与定语从句之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离，这种从句叫分隔定语从句。例如：

　　This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.

　　He was the only person in this country that was invited.

　　①因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。

　　The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

　　②在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加语言的灵活性。

　　The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk，right under my nose.

　　2. as 和 which 引导的定语从句。

　　① as 有“正如，就像”之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

　　As we had expected，her performance was wonderful.

　　A panda， as we know，is a lovely animal.

　　Tom is the tallest in our class，as you know.

　　但 which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：

　　The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.

　　②在主谓宾结构的非限制性定语从句中，which 和 as 作宾语时可互换使用。

　　He was an Englishman，which / as I knew from his accent.

　　作主语时通常用 which ，而不用 as .但在“主语 +be+done ”结构中，as 作主语。例如：

　　He passed the examination，as was known.

　　③ as 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中； which 则不受此限制。例如：

　　Mummy treats me just as a baby，which （不用 as ） I can’t bear.

　　She married again，which （不用 as ）was unexpected.

　　④在宾补结构的非限制性定语从句中，作主语或宾语时，宜用 which ，而不用 as .例如：

　　He believed in God，which （不用 as ） I find strange.

　　He changed his mind，which （不用 as ） made me very angry.

　　⑤定语从句中动词若为表示知觉的词，如 see ，expect ，say ，know 等时，用 as 而不用 which .

　　As we expected / know， Xiao Ming took the first place in the game.

　　⑥ as 引导的定语从句与 it 作形式主语的主语从句和以 what 引导的主语从句的区别。试比较：

　　As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　3. 定语从句与并列句的识别。

　　定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入 and ， but ， so 等连接词。并列句一般由 and ， but ， so 等词连接，或中间用“分号”隔开。例如：

　　He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （定语从句）

　　He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）

　　He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows；most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）

　　Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，the price of which was reasonable. （定语从句）

　　Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase；the price of it was reasonable. （并列句）

　　John’s parents kept telling him that he should work hard，but it didn’t help. （并列句）

　　4. that 引导的定语从句与结果状语从句的区别。

　　This is so interesting a book that all of us want to read it. （ so …… that 引导的结果状语从句）

　　This is so interesting a book as all of us want to read. （ as 引导的定语从句）

　　通过以上两个例句不难看出， so …… that 引导结果状语从句，而定语从句中先行词前有 so ， such ， the same 修饰时，常用“ as ”来引导定语从句。

　　5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

　　同位语从句是位于名词 answer ， belief ， doubt ， decision ， explanation ， fact ， hope ， idea ， information ， news ， order ， problem ， promise ， truth 等后的句子，并对这些句词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词 that 只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且 that 不可省略；同位语从句不可用 which 引导。而定语从句通常是一不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。作宾语时， that 可省略。

　　The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear. （同位语从句）

　　The fact （that / which） she told me yesterday is very important. （定语从句）

　　「巩固性练习」

　　1. _________ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

　　A. As B. It C. That D. What

　　2. Now Children like to go to the fast food restaurant， _________ as the name says， eating doesn’t take much time.

　　A. which B. that C. what D. where

　　3. Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city， _________ happened in Tang Shan in 1976.

　　A. as B. that C. where D. like

　　4. Recently my father bought a Chinese painting， _________ was very reasonable.

　　A. the price of it B. which price

　　C. the price of which D. its price

　　5. We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， _________ other visitors seldom go.

　　A. what B. which C. where D. when

　　6. We were next-door neighbors for three years， during ________ time we met only twice.

　　A. which B. this C. in which D. same

　　7. Living in the central Australia desert has its problems， _________ getting water is not the least.

　　A. as B. for what C. of which D. for what

　　8. We should do more such exercises in the future， I think， ________ those we did yesterday.

　　A. as B. which C. that D. it

　　9. Gone are the days _________ we spent together in the village.

　　A. that B. when C. in which D. on which

　　10. He failed his exam， _________ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

　　A. as B. which C. that D. A and B

　　11. He must be from Africa， _________ can be seen from his skin.

　　A. that B. as C. who D. what

　　「参考答案」

　　1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A

　　7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B

　　山东·蒋玉强