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被动语态考点聚焦

减小字体 增大字体 作者:佚名  来源:不详  发布时间:2007-4-19 10:24:00

  [焦点一]什么是被动语态?它是怎样构成的?

  被动语态表明一个被动性动作,它由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。请看下表:

时态主语为单数被动语态构成主语为复数被动语态构成
一般现在时is/ am doneare done
一般过去时was donewere done
一般将来时will be done/ is (am) going to be donewill be done/ are going to be done
情态动词may/ can/ must/ should be donemay/ can/ must/ should be done

  被动语态否定式为be not done,情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词+not be done.

  [焦点二]在什么情况下要使用被动语态?

  在下列情况下要使用被动语态:

  1. 行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如:

  Football is played all over the world.

  2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如:

  My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被盗了。

  3. 汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如:

  It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.

  据说,有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上,往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。

  4. 汉语中含有“被、由”等词时。如:

  Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.

  魏华是被林涛叫来的。

  5. 汉语中没有“被、由”等词,而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如:

  These songs are usually sung by boys.

  这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。(在“是”后面可以加上“由”)

  6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如:

  He was born in October, 1989.

  7. 表示礼貌时。如:

  You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow.

  敬请您明天晚上8:00光临我们的英语晚会。

  [焦点三]那么在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢?

  在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态:

  1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如:

  正:The story happened in London.

  误:The story was happened in London.

  2. 表示状态的动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被动语态。如:

  正:The shirt fits him very well.

  误:He is fitted very well by the shirt.

  3. 某些“不及物动词+介词”构成的短语动词,如listen to,walk into,fall off等,往往不使用被动语态。如:

  正:He walked into the room.

  误:The room was walked into by him.

  4. 祈使句一般没有被动语态。如:

  正:Look at the blackboard, please.

  误:The blackboard is looked at by you.

  5. 宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如:

  正:We must help each other.

  误:Each other must be helped by us.

  6. 某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如:

  正:He joined the League in 1998.

  误:The League was joined by him in 1998.

  7. 动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如:

  正:They like to watch TV.

  误:To watch TV is liked by them.

  正:He enjoys listening to the radio.

  误:Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him.

  8. 主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如:

  正:She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.

  误:Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.

  9. 由“动词+名词”构成的英语习语(如make faces,make friends,take place等)一般不可改为被动语态。如:

  正:The boy make faces in class.

  误:Faces are made by the boy in class.

  10. 反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。如:

  正:You must look after yourself.

  误:Yourself must be looked after.


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