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被动语态考点聚焦
[焦点一]什么是被动语态?它是怎样构成的?
被动语态表明一个被动性动作,它由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。请看下表:
| 时态 | 主语为单数被动语态构成 | 主语为复数被动语态构成 |
| 一般现在时 | is/ am done | are done |
| 一般过去时 | was done | were done |
| 一般将来时 | will be done/ is (am) going to be done | will be done/ are going to be done |
| 情态动词 | may/ can/ must/ should be done | may/ can/ must/ should be done |
被动语态否定式为be not done,情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词+not be done.
[焦点二]在什么情况下要使用被动语态?
在下列情况下要使用被动语态:
1. 行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如:
Football is played all over the world.
2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如:
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被盗了。
3. 汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如:
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.
据说,有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上,往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。
4. 汉语中含有“被、由”等词时。如:
Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.
魏华是被林涛叫来的。
5. 汉语中没有“被、由”等词,而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如:
These songs are usually sung by boys.
这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。(在“是”后面可以加上“由”)
6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如:
He was born in October, 1989.
7. 表示礼貌时。如:
You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow.
敬请您明天晚上8:00光临我们的英语晚会。
[焦点三]那么在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢?
在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态:
1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如:
正:The story happened in London.
误:The story was happened in London.
2. 表示状态的动词,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被动语态。如:
正:The shirt fits him very well.
误:He is fitted very well by the shirt.
3. 某些“不及物动词+介词”构成的短语动词,如listen to,walk into,fall off等,往往不使用被动语态。如:
正:He walked into the room.
误:The room was walked into by him.
4. 祈使句一般没有被动语态。如:
正:Look at the blackboard, please.
误:The blackboard is looked at by you.
5. 宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如:
正:We must help each other.
误:Each other must be helped by us.
6. 某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如:
正:He joined the League in 1998.
误:The League was joined by him in 1998.
7. 动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如:
正:They like to watch TV.
误:To watch TV is liked by them.
正:He enjoys listening to the radio.
误:Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him.
8. 主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如:
正:She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.
误:Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.
9. 由“动词+名词”构成的英语习语(如make faces,make friends,take place等)一般不可改为被动语态。如:
正:The boy make faces in class.
误:Faces are made by the boy in class.
10. 反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。如:
正:You must look after yourself.
误:Yourself must be looked after.








