阅读技巧训练(5)

　　遇到难以判断、归纳的题怎么办？

　　1. 归纳、主旨题。

　　提问形式：

　　（1）What‘s the story mainly about？

　　（2）What is the main idea of this passage？

　　（3）From this passage we know ______.

　　（4）The story mainly tells us ______.

　　（5）What is the best title of this passage？

　　（6）What is the author‘s main purpose？

　　解决办法：

　　（1）要善于捕捉主题句、关键词信息。

　　主题句的位置：首句，文中或末尾。

　　（2）要善于归纳段落中最根本，最有概括性的信息。

　　通常文章的内容都是围绕着主题，从几个方面进行论述的。

　　（3）排除干扰项；其他3个选项中的内容往往在文章中也可能被提到，但他们通常是细节问题，也许它是某一段的主题，但缺乏对全文的概括。因此，要分清主次。

　　实例分析：

　　Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural difference， not an economic one. Knowing you own psychological space needs is important because they strongly affect you choices， including， for example， the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms， the chances are， if you have two children or more， that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them. In America， for example， they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many other countries， the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them.

　　The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs. Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone.

　　Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons， they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressures. It is almost impossible， however， to completely change your psychological space needs.

　　The best title for the passage is _______.

　　A. American Way of Living

　　B. Psychological Space

　　C. Space Needs in Different countries

　　D. Psychological Space and Economic Pressure

　　本文提出了生活空间的需求取决于心理空间需求的问题。如第一段所描述Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural difference， not an economic one. Knowing you own psychological space needs is important because they strongly affect you choices， including， for example， the number of bedrooms in the home.

　　第二段：

　　The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs.

　　进一步阐述心理空间所产生的结果。

　　第三段：

　　作者谈到经济压力会使你的心理空间带来一点点改变，但最后作者强调：It is almost impossible， however， to completely change your psychological space needs.

　　通读全文我们不难看出，选项B是对全文的提炼、概括、是全文的中心论点。

　　（2）深层理解：逻辑推断判断；作者意图

　　提问形式：

　　（1）The passage suggests that _______.

　　（2）We can infer from reading the passage ________.

　　（3）As we can learn from the text， which of the following was ______.

　　（4）We can conclude from the second paragraph _______.

　　（5）The writer‘s purpose in writing this passage seems to be _______.

　　解决办法：

　　（1）排除干扰项。干扰项的特点：扩大事实范围、缩小范围、文中已提到的事实、以次代主。

　　（2）要善于把握作者的语气，是严肃或轻松，幽默或讽刺，平和或激动，乐观或悲观。

　　（3）答案不是原句，但一定要能在原文中找到依据。并有深度的理解。

　　（4）特别要注意：不脱离原文，不凭自己的意愿推断。